Since 1985, Symbiosis publishes original research that contributes to the understanding of symbiotic interactions in a wide range of associations at the molecular, cellular and organismic level. Reviews and short communications on well-known or new symbioses are welcomed as are book reviews and obituaries. This spectrum of papers aims to encourage and enhance interactions among researchers in this rapidly expanding field.Topics of interest include nutritional interactions; mutual regulatory and morphogenetic effects; structural co-adaptations; interspecific recognition; specificity; ecological adaptations; evolutionary consequences of symbiosis; and methods used for symbiotic research.