Cardiovascular Research is the international journal of the European Society of Cardiology for basic and translational research, spanning all topics within cardiology and cardiovascular biology. The journal aims to enhance insight into cardiovascular disease mechanisms and the prospects for innovation. The journal welcomes submission of papers both at the molecular, sub-cellular, cellular, organ, and organism level, and of clinical proof-of-concept and translational studies. Manuscripts are expected to provide a significant contribution to the field with relevance for cardiovascular biology and diseases.